Thursday, 17 May 2018

Enzymes- types and their functions for dmlt and paramedical students

Different types of Enzymes in the human body and their functions:

What are enzymes and what is their function?

1)Enzymes are naturally occurring proteins that are found in the bodies of certain living things, including humans and other animals, and that cause chemical changes such as breaking down food in the stomach.

2)Within the human body, enzymes can be found in bodily fluids, such as blood, saliva, the gastric juices or the stomach and fluids in the intestines.

3)In general, enzymes serve as catalysts for biological functions, including natural, involuntary bodily functions, such as blood clotting.

Enzymes have three main characteristics.

1) They increase  the rate of a natural chemical reaction.
2)They typucally only react with one specific  substrate or reactant,
3) Enzyme activity is regulated and controlled within the cell  through several different means, including regulation by inhibitors and activators.

  There are 6 major classes of enzymes found in the body.

The following are the names of enzymes and their functions.

Ligase:
This enzyme in the body requires ATP  and binds nucleotides together in the nucleic acids.
It also binds simple sugars in polysaccarides.

Lyase:
This enzyme in the body breaks the bonds between carbon atoms or carbon nitrogen bond.

Hydrolase:
This enzyme in the body breaks large molecules into similar molecules by adding a water molecule.

Transferase:
This enzyme in the body cuts a part of one molecule and attaches it to another molecule.

Isomerase:
The atoms in a molecule are rearranged without changing their chemical formula.
This helps in getting carbohydrate molecules for certain enzymatic processes.

Oxido-reductase:
This enzyme removes hydrogen or electrons from one molecule and donates it to another molecule.

This enzyme is mainly involved in mitochondrial energy production.

Kinase:
This enzyme in the body attaches a phosphate group to a high energy  bond.
It is a very important enzyme required for ATP production and activation of certain enzymes.

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